Iowa mumps epidemic puzzles officials

Iowa mumps epidemic puzzles officials
245 cases reported since mid-January; strain may have come from England
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/12097831/
Updated: 2:50 p.m. ET March 31, 2006
DES MOINES, Iowa - A mumps epidemic is sweeping across Iowa in the biggest outbreak in the country, puzzling health officials and worrying parents.

As of Thursday, 245 confirmed, probable or suspected cases of mumps had been reported to the Iowa Department of Public Health since mid-January. The federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said it is the only major outbreak in the nation.

“We are calling this an epidemic, not just an outbreak,” said Iowa state epidemiologist Dr. Patricia Quinlisk, explaining that mumps has spread to more than one-third of the state and does not appear to be confined to certain age groups or other sectors of the population.

Quinlisk said Iowa has had about five cases of mumps a year in recent years, and this is the first large outbreak in nearly 20 years.

“We’re trying to figure out why is it happening, why is it happening in Iowa and why is it happening right now. We don’t know,” she said.

CDC spokeswoman Lola Russell said the federal agency has no answers yet. Quinlisk said one theory is that the infection was brought over from England — perhaps by a college student — because the strain seen in Iowa has been identified by the CDC as the same one that has caused tens of thousands of cases of the mumps in a major outbreak in Britain over the past two years.

“It may have been a college student, since we did see the first activities on college campuses, but we can’t prove that,” Quinlisk said. The Public Health Department said 23 percent of the 245 reported patients are in college.

Fairly common strain
Mumps is a viral infection of the salivary glands. Symptoms include fever, headache, muscle aches and swelling of the glands close to the jaw. It can cause serious complications, including meningitis, damage to the testicles and deafness.

A mumps vaccine was introduced in 1967. Iowa law requires schoolchildren to be vaccinated, and the state’s last major outbreak was in 1987, when 476 people were infected.

Of the 245 patients this year, at least 66 percent had had the recommended two-shot vaccination, while 14 percent had received one dose, the Public Health Department said.

“The vaccine is working,” Quinlisk said. “The vaccine certainly was made to cover this particular strain, because it’s a fairly common strain of mumps.” Quinlisk said the vaccine overall is considered about 95 percent effective.

Quinlisk said the mumps started in eastern Iowa and is spreading statewide and possibly into the neighboring states of Illinois, Minnesota and Nebraska. Those states may have one or two cases of the mumps, she said.

When 11-year-old Will Hean of Davenport starting feeling sick in mid-January, his family thought he had a bad case of the flu. But his face and throat swelled and his temperature climbed to 103. His parents took him to the doctor, and he was diagnosed to their surprise with full-blown mumps.

About two weeks later, the Heans’ daughter, Kate, 21, came down with the mumps, too.

Both children had gotten the measles, mumps and rubella vaccine, or MMR. So had their other son, 13-year-old Jimmy, who did not get the mumps.

“He had all the shots and everything. You don’t think you’re going to get the mumps after you’ve been inoculated,” said Will’s father, Wayne Hean.